Abstract. The article deals with the main problems of teaching speaking in a foreign language. Four groups of factors influencing learning outcomes are identified: linguistic, methodological, psychological, socio-cultural. This study is based on the key provisions and experimental data of the methodology of teaching Russian as a foreign language and the experience of working with students from different countries. The aspects that require special attention when teaching oral foreign language communication are described. Recommendations on the use of modern technologies, in particular, artificial intelligence and neural networks for the development of oral skills are given. The necessity of taking into account individual and psychological characteristics and cognitive styles of foreign students learning Russian is emphasized. Possible ways to overcome the identified groups of factors and the format of the speaking club as a kind of extracurricular activity for foreign students are proposed.